Following the good rainfall received in the October – December period, drought conditions in the northern, north-eastern and southern parts of Kenya eased. For instance, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) reported improvement of the food security conditions in the south marginal agricultural areas and parts of northern pastoral areas in Turkana, that is, from emergency to stressed levels within a record four months. UNICEF reported a significant reduction in malnutrition rates in Turkana North, with Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) reducing from 37.4 per cent to 13.7 per cent and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) reducing from 9.4 per cent to 3.2 per cent. Under-five mortality rates have also fallen below alert levels (less than 2/10,000/day).

In addition, pasture regeneration and improved access to water for livestock across the country was observed as a result of the rains. Consequently, livestock body conditions and milk production improved, contributing to better terms of trade. However, due to floods experienced in some parts of the country, the risk of Rift Valley Fever and other livestock diseases was heightened. Practical Action, Eastern African Regional Office responded to this through a drought emergency project aimed at securing lives and livelihoods of pastoral communities. Amongst others, the project decreased livestock mortality through improved health. Two community drug stores were stocked with drugs to support rapid response mechanisms. 25 community-based animal health workers were trained on best practices in the provision of animal health care during drought and other emergencies. They were provided with special drug kits and were able to reach affected pastoralists in a timely manner.

While the good rains eased drought, a long dry spell is expected to set in from January and by forecast, extending beyond March 2012. To this effect, Practical Action has been carrying out drought preparedness campaigns among the communities in Turkana through local radio stations, focused group meetings and community discussion forums. Amongst measures proposed and currently being adopted by the communities include; preservation of grazing lands in the highland areas for dry season grazing, destocking/culling of weak and older animals that may not withstand the dry season, fodder preservation, desilting of irrigation canals and engagement in alternative livelihood options. There is also a proposal to the veterinary department and other stakeholders to upscale supportive treatments and vaccination against contagious diseases. These measures have further been incorporated into the county drought contingency plan.

While gains may have been made as a result of the good short rains and combined efforts by various agencies, they are likely to be short-lived as the dry season sets in. We need to be vigilant, work with communities to ensure that they are cushioned against the negative impacts of the dry season and safeguard gains made so far. For instance, malnutrition amongst vulnerable groups such as children under five years, pregnant and lactating mothers, the sick and the elderly need urgent attention. Support of cross-border peace meetings and community dialogues to mitigate intercommunity resource based conflicts should commence to avert likely skirmishes over scarce resources like water and pasture.

Updated January 2012